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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · נח · רִאשׁוֹן

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Noach · 1st Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this first aliyah of Parshas Noach, we meet Noach, a tzaddik who stood pure and blameless in a generation that had completely lost its way. While the rest of the world fell into deep corruption and lawlessness, Noach walked with Elokim, remaining steadfast in his avodas Hashem. Because of the widespread chamas—the robbery and moral decay that filled the land—Hashem tells Noach of His decree to bring a mabul to destroy all flesh from the earth.

To save Noach and preserve life for the future, Hashem commands him to build an ark, the teivah, out of gopher wood. Hashem gives Noach precise instructions for its dimensions, its compartments, and how to seal it with pitch. This set the stage for a massive undertaking that would serve as a warning to his generation.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
אֵלֶּהThese areתּוֹלְדֹתthe offspring ofנֹחַNoachנֹחַNoachאִישׁa manצַדִּיקrighteousתָּמִיםwholeheartedהָיָהhe wasבְּדֹרֹתָיוin his generationsאֶתwithהָאֱלֹהִיםGodהִתְהַלֶּךְwalkedנֹחַ׃Noach
רַשִׁ״י
אלהThese areתולדתthe offspring ofנחNoachנחNoachאישwas a manצדיק.righteousהוֹאִילSinceוְהִזְכִּירוֹit mentioned himסִפֵּרit tellsבְּשִׁבְחוֹ,his praiseשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidזֵכֶרthe mention ofצַדִּיקa righteous manלִבְרָכָהis for a blessingמשליMishleiי'ten.דָּבָרAnotherאַחֵרexplanationלִמֶּדְךָit teaches youשֶׁעִקַּרthat the mainתּוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶםoffspringשֶׁלofצַדִּיקִיםrighteous peopleמַעֲשִׂיםare deedsטוֹבִים:good
רַשִׁ״י
בדרותיו.In his generationsיֵשׁthere areמֵרַבּוֹתֵינוּof our Rabbisדּוֹרְשִׁיםwho expoundאוֹתוֹitלְשֶׁבַח,for praiseכָּלallשֶׁכֵּןthe more soאִלּוּifהָיָהhe had beenבְדוֹרin a generation ofצַדִּיקִיםrighteous peopleהָיָהhe would have beenצַדִּיקrighteousיוֹתֵר;moreוְיֵשׁand there areשֶׁדּוֹרְשִׁיםwho expoundאוֹתוֹitלִגְנַאי,for disgraceלְפִיaccording toדוֹרוֹhis generationהָיָהhe wasצַדִּיקrighteousוְאִלּוּbut ifהָיָהhe had beenבְדוֹרוֹin the generationשֶׁלofאַבְרָהָםAvrahamלֹאnotהָיָהhe would have beenנֶחְשָׁבconsideredלִכְלוּםas anythingסנה'Sanhedrinק"ח108:
רַשִׁ״י
את—האלהיםGodהתהלךwalkedנח.Noachוּבְאַבְרָהָםand regarding AvrahamהוּאHeאוֹמֵרsaysאֲשֶׁרwhomהִתְהַלַּכְתִּיI walkedלְפָנָיו?before Himברא'Bereishisכ"ד24,נֹחַNoachהָיָהwasצָרִיךְneedingסַעַדsupportלְתָמְכוֹ,to uphold himאֲבָלbutאַבְרָהָםAvrahamהָיָהwasמִתְחַזֵּקstrengthening himselfוּמְהַלֵּךְand walkingבְצִדְקוֹin his righteousnessמֵאֵלָיו:by himself
רַשִׁ״י
התהלך.walkedלְשׁוֹןan expression ofעָבָר,past tenseוְזֶהוּand this isשִׁמּוּשׁוֹits usageשֶׁלofלָשׁוֹן,the languageבְּלָשׁוֹןin a conjugationכָּבֵדheavyמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁתit servesלְהַבָּאfor the futureוּלְשֶׁעָבַרand for the pastבְּלָשׁוֹןwith a formא',singleקוּםariseהִתְהַלֵּךְwalkשםthereי"ג13לְהַבָּא,is futureהִתְהַלֶּךְwalkedנֹחַNoachלְשֶׁעָבַר;is pastהִתְפַּלֵּלprayבְּעַדon behalf ofעֲבָדֶיךָyour servantsשמואלShmuelא'Iי"ב12לְהַבָּא,is futureוּבָאand he shall comeוְהִתְפַּלֵּלand he shall prayאֶלtowardהַבַּיִתthe houseהַזֶּהthisמ"אMelachim Iח'8לְשׁוֹןis an expression ofעָבָר,pastאֶלָּאexceptשֶׁהַוָּי"וthat the Vavשֶׁבְּרֹאשׁוֹwhich is at its headהֲפָכוֹturned itלְהַבָּא:to the future
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וַיּוֹלֶדAnd he begotנֹחַNoachשְׁלֹשָׁהthreeבָנִיםsonsאֶת—שֵׁםShemאֶת—חָםChamוְאֶתand —יָפֶת׃Yafes
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וַתִּשָּׁחֵתAnd became corruptהָאָרֶץthe earthלִפְנֵיbeforeהָאֱלֹהִיםGodוַתִּמָּלֵאand was filledהָאָרֶץthe earthחָמָס׃with lawlessness
רַשִׁ״י
ותשחת.And was corruptלְשׁוֹןan expression ofעֶרְוָהlewdnessוַעֲ"זָand idolatryסנה'Sanhedrinנ"ז57כְּמוֹas inפֶּןlestתַּשְׁחִתוּןyou deal corruptlyדב'Devarimד'4,כִּיforהִשְׁחִיתhad corruptedכָּלallבָּשָׂרfleshוְגוֹ':etcetera
רַשִׁ״י
ותמלאand was filledהארץthe earthחמס.violenceגֶּזֶל:robbery
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וַיַּרְאAnd sawאֱלֹהִיםGodאֶת—הָאָרֶץthe earthוְהִנֵּהand beholdנִשְׁחָתָהit was corruptedכִּיforהִשְׁחִיתhad corruptedכָּלallבָּשָׂרfleshאֶת—דַּרְכּוֹits wayעַלuponהָאָרֶץ׃the earth
רַשִׁ״י
כיforהשחיתhad corruptedכלallבשר.fleshאֲפִלּוּevenבְהֵמָהcattleחַיָּהbeastוָעוֹףand fowlנִזְקָקִיןwere consortingלְשֶׁאֵינָןwith those notמִינָן:their species
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וַיֹּאמֶרAnd saidאֱלֹהִיםGodלְנֹחַto NoachקֵץThe end ofכָּלallבָּשָׂרfleshבָּאhas comeלְפָנַיbefore Meכִּיforמָלְאָהfilled isהָאָרֶץthe earth withחָמָסrobberyמִפְּנֵיהֶםbecause of themוְהִנְנִיand behold Iמַשְׁחִיתָםwill destroy themאֶת—הָאָרֶץ׃with the earth
רַשִׁ״י
קץThe end ofכלallבשר.fleshכָּלeveryמָקוֹםplaceשֶׁאַתָּהthat youמוֹצֵאfindזְנוּתlewdnessוַעֲ"זָand idolatryאַנְדְּרוֹלוֹמוּסְיָאindiscriminate punishmentבָּאָהcomesלְעוֹלָםto the worldוְהוֹרֶגֶתand killsטוֹבִיםgoodוְרָעִים.and bad
רַשִׁ״י
כיforמלאהis filledהארץthe earthחמס.with violenceלֹאnotנֶחְתַּםwas sealedגְּזַרthe decree ofדִּינָםtheir judgmentאֶלָּאexceptעַלforהַגֶּזֶלrobberyסנה'Sanhedrinק"ח108a:
רַשִׁ״י
את—הארץ.the earthכְּמוֹis likeמִןfromהָאָרֶץ,the earthוְדוֹמֶהand similarלוֹto itכְּצֵאתִיwhen I go outאֶת—הָעִירthe cityשמ'Shemosט'9,מִןfromהָעִיר;the cityחָלָהhe sufferedאֶת—רַגְלָיוhis feetמ"אMelachimט"ו15,מִןfromרַגְלָיו.his feetדָּ"אַanother explanationאֶת—הָאָרֶץthe earth–עִםwithהָאָרֶץ,the earthשֶׁאַףfor evenג'threeטְפָחִיםhandbreadthsשֶׁלofעֹמֶקdepth ofהַמַּחֲרֵשָׁהthe plowנִמֹּחוּwere dissolvedוְנִטַּשְׁטְשׁוּ:and were washed away
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
עֲשֵׂהMakeלְךָfor yourselfתֵּבַתan ark ofעֲצֵיwood ofגֹפֶרgopherקִנִּיםcompartmentsתַּעֲשֶׂהyou shall makeאֶת—הַתֵּבָהthe arkוְכָפַרְתָּand you shall coverאֹתָהּitמִבַּיִתfrom withinוּמִחוּץand from withoutבַּכֹּפֶר׃with pitch
רַשִׁ״י
עשהMakeלךfor yourselfתבת.an arkהַרְבֵּהmanyרֶוַחways of reliefוְהַצָּלָהand deliveranceלְפָנָיו,before Himוְלָמָּהand whyהִטְרִיחוֹdid He burden himבְּבִנְיָןwith the buildingזֶה?of thisכְּדֵיso thatשֶׁיִּרְאוּהוּthey would see himאַנְשֵׁיthe people ofדוֹרthe generation ofהַמַּבּוּלthe Floodעוֹסֵקoccupiedבָּהּwith itק"כone hundred and twentyשָׁנָה,yearsוְשׁוֹאֲלִיןand they would askאוֹתוֹhimמַהwhatזֹּאתis thisלְךָ,to youוְהוּאand heאוֹמֵרwould sayלָהֶםto themעָתִידis destinedהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy One blessed be Heלְהָבִיאto bringמַבּוּלa floodלָעוֹלָם,upon the worldאוּלַיperhapsיָשׁוּבוּ:they will repent
רַשִׁ״י
עציWood ofגופר.gopherכָּךְsoשְׁמוֹ.is its nameוְלָמָּהand whyמִמִּיןfrom a speciesזֶה?thisעַלonשֵׁםaccount ofגָּפְרִיתsulphurשֶׁנִּגְזַרthat was decreedעֲלֵיהֶםupon themלִמָּחוֹתto be blotted outבּוֹ:with it
רַשִׁ״י
קנים.Roomsמְדוֹרִיםcompartmentsמְדוֹרִיםcompartmentsלְכָלfor eachבְּהֵמָהdomestic animalוְחַיָּה:and wild animal
רַשִׁ״י
בכפר.with pitchזֶפֶתpitchבְלָשׁוֹןin the language ofאֲרַמִּי,Aramaicוּמָצִינוּand we findבַּתַּלְמוּדin the Talmudכּוּפְרָאpitchבְּתֵבָתוֹin the ark ofשֶׁל·משֶׁה,Mosheעַלbyיְדֵיmeans ofשֶׁהָיוּthat wereהַמַּיִםthe watersתָּשִׁיםcalmדַּיָּהּit was sufficientבְּחֹמֶרwith clayמִבִּפְנִיםfrom insideוְזֶפֶתand pitchמִבַּחוּץ;from outsideוְעוֹד,and furthermoreכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notיָרִיחַshould smellאוֹתוֹthatצַדִּיקrighteous personרֵיחַthe smellרַעbadשֶׁלofזֶפֶת,pitchאֲבָלbutכָּאןhereמִפְּנֵיbecause ofחֹזֶקthe strength ofהַמַּיִםthe watersזִפְּתָהּhe pitched itמִבַּיִתfrom withinוּמִחוּץ:and from without
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וְזֶהAnd thisאֲשֶׁרhowתַּעֲשֶׂהyou shall makeאֹתָהּitשְׁלֹשׁthreeמֵאוֹתhundredאַמָּהcubitsאֹרֶךְthe length ofהַתֵּבָהthe arkחֲמִשִּׁיםfiftyאַמָּהcubitsרָחְבָּהּits widthוּשְׁלֹשִׁיםand thirtyאַמָּהcubitsקוֹמָתָהּ׃its height
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
צֹהַרA windowתַּעֲשֶׂהyou shall makeלַתֵּבָהfor the arkוְאֶלand toאַמָּהa cubitתְּכַלֶנָּהyou shall finish itמִלְמַעְלָהfrom aboveוּפֶתַחand the entrance ofהַתֵּבָהthe arkבְּצִדָּהּin its sideתָּשִׂיםyou shall placeתַּחְתִּיִּםlower decksשְׁנִיִּםsecond decksוּשְׁלִשִׁיםand third decksתַּעֲשֶׂהָ׃you shall make it
רַשִׁ״י
צהר.A lightיֵ"אֹsome sayחַלּוֹןa windowוְיֵ"אֹand some sayאֶבֶןa stoneטוֹבָהpreciousהַמְּאִירָהthat illuminatedלָהֶםfor themב"רBereishis Rabbahשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
ואלand toאמהa cubitתכלנהyou shall finish itמלמעלה.from aboveכִּסּוּיָהּits coveringמְשֻׁפָּעslantedוְעוֹלֶהand went upעַדuntilשֶׁהוּאthat itקָצָרwas narrowמִלְמַעְלָהfrom aboveוְעוֹמֵדand stoodעַלatאַמָּהa cubitכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁיָּזוּבוּthat should run offהַמַּיִםthe waterלְמַטָּהdownwardמִכָּאןfrom hereוּמִכָּאן:and from here
רַשִׁ״י
בצדהin its sideתשים.you shall placeשֶׁלֹּאso that notיִפְּלוּwill fallהַגְּשָׁמִיםthe rainsבָּהּ:into it
רַשִׁ״י
תחתיםlowerשניםsecondושלשים.and thirdג'threeעֲלִיוֹתstoriesזוֹthisעַלuponגַּבthe back ofזוֹ,thisעֶלְיוֹנִיםthe upper onesלָאָדָם,for manאֶמְצָעִיםthe middle onesלְמָדוֹֹר,for dwellingתַּחְתִּיִּיםthe bottom onesלְזֶבֶלfor refuseשםthere:
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וַאֲנִיAnd Iהִנְנִיbehold Meמֵבִיאbringingאֶת—הַמַּבּוּלthe floodמַיִםwatersעַלuponהָאָרֶץthe earthלְשַׁחֵתto destroyכָּלallבָּשָׂרfleshאֲשֶׁרwhichבּוֹin itרוּחַis breath ofחַיִּיםlifeמִתַּחַתfrom underהַשָּׁמָיִםthe heavensכֹּלeverythingאֲשֶׁרthatבָּאָרֶץis on earthיִגְוָע׃shall perish
רַשִׁ״י
ואניAnd Iהנניbehold Iמביא.am bringingהִנְנִיbehold Iמוּכָןam preparedלְהַסְכִּיםto agreeעִםwithאוֹתָםthoseשֶׁזֵּרְזוּנִיwho cautioned meוְאָמְרוּand saidלְפָנַיbefore meכְּבָרalreadyמָהwhatאֱנוֹשׁis manכִּיthatתִזְכְּרֶנּוּYou remember himתה'Tehillimח'8:
רַשִׁ״י
מבול.A floodשֶׁבִּלָּהbecause it ruinedאֶת—הַכֹּל,everythingשֶׁבִּלְבֵּלbecause it confusedאֶת—הַכֹּל,everythingשֶׁהוֹבִילbecause it broughtאֶת—הַכֹּלeverythingמִןfromהַגָּבוֹהַּthe highלַנָּמוּךְ;to the lowוְזֶהוּand this isלְשׁוֹןthe expression ofאֻנְקְלוֹסOnkelosשֶׁתִּרְגֵּםwho translatedטוֹפָנָא,Tofanaשֶׁהֵצִיףbecause it floatedאֶת—הַכֹּל,everythingוֶהֱבִיאָהּand brought itלְבָבֶלto Bavelשֶׁהִיאwhich isעֲמֻקָּה,deepלְכָךְthereforeנִקְרֵאתit is calledשִׁנְעָר,Shinarשֶׁנִּנְעֲרוּbecause were shakenשָׁםthereכָּלallמֵתֵיthe dead ofמַבּוּל:the flood
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
וַהֲקִמֹתִיAnd I will establishאֶת—בְּרִיתִיMy covenantאִתָּךְwith youוּבָאתָand you shall enterאֶלintoהַתֵּבָהthe arkאַתָּהyouוּבָנֶיךָand your sonsוְאִשְׁתְּךָand your wifeוּנְשֵׁיand the wives ofבָנֶיךָyour sonsאִתָּךְ׃with you
רַשִׁ״י
והקמתיAnd I will establishאת—בריתי.My covenantבְּרִיתA covenantהָיָהwasצָרִיךְnecessaryעַלforהַפֵּרוֹתthe fruitsשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִרְקְבוּthey should rotוִיעַפְּשׁוּand decayוְשֶׁלֹּאand that notיַהַרְגוּהוּthey should kill himרְשָׁעִיםwicked peopleשֶׁבַּדּוֹרwho are in the generationב"רBereishis Rabbah:
רַשִׁ״י
אתהYouובניךand your sonsואשתך.and your wifeהָאֲנָשִׁיםthe menלְבַדseparatelyוְהַנָּשִׁיםand the womenלְבַד;separatelyמִכָּאןfrom hereשֶׁנֶּאֱסְרוּthat they were forbiddenבְּתַשְׁמִישׁin marital relationsהַמִּטָּה:of the bedשםthere:
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
וּמִכָּלand from allהָחַיthe livingמִכָּלof allבָּשָׂרfleshשְׁנַיִםtwoמִכֹּלof eachתָּבִיאyou shall bringאֶלintoהַתֵּבָהthe arkלְהַחֲיֹתto keep aliveאִתָּךְwith youזָכָרmaleוּנְקֵבָהand femaleיִהְיוּ׃they shall be
רַשִׁ״י
ומכלand of allהחי.the livingאֲפִלּוּevenשֵׁדִיםdemonsב"רBereishis Rabbah:
רַשִׁ״י
שניםtwoמכל.of everyמִןfromהַפָּחוּתthe leastשֶׁבָּהֶםthat is among themלֹאnotפָּחוֹתlessמִשְּׁנַיִם,than twoאֶחָדoneזָכָרmaleוְאֶחָדand oneנְקֵבָה:female
פָּסוּק יב
Pasuk 12
מֵהָעוֹףFrom the birdלְמִינֵהוּaccording to its kindוּמִןand fromהַבְּהֵמָהthe animalלְמִינָהּaccording to its kindמִכֹּלfrom everyרֶמֶשׂcreeping thing ofהָאֲדָמָהthe groundלְמִינֵהוּaccording to its kindשְׁנַיִםtwoמִכֹּלof eachיָבֹאוּshall comeאֵלֶיךָto youלְהַחֲיוֹת׃to keep alive
רַשִׁ״י
מהעוףOf the fowlלמינהו.after its kindאוֹתָןthoseשֶׁדָּבְקוּthat cleavedבְמִינֵיהֶםto their kindוְלֹאand did notהִשְׁחִיתוּcorruptדַרְכָּם,their wayוּמֵאֵלֵיהֶםand of themselvesבָּאוּ,they cameוְכֹלand anyשֶׁהַתֵּבָהthat the Arkקוֹלַטְתּוֹaccepted himהִכְנִיסhe brought inב"רBereshis Rabbah:
פָּסוּק יג
Pasuk 13
וְאַתָּהAnd youקַחtakeלְךָfor yourselfמִכָּלfrom allמַאֲכָלfoodאֲשֶׁרthatיֵאָכֵלis eatenוְאָסַפְתָּand gatherאֵלֶיךָto yourselfוְהָיָהand it shall beלְךָfor youוְלָהֶםand for themלְאָכְלָה׃for food
פָּסוּק יד
Pasuk 14
וַיַּעַשׂAnd didנֹחַNoachכְּכֹלaccording to allאֲשֶׁרthatצִוָּהcommandedאֹתוֹhimאֱלֹהִיםGodכֵּןsoעָשָׂה׃he did
רַשִׁ״י
ויעשAnd Noah didנח.Noahזֶהthisבִּנְיַןis the building ofהַתֵּבָה:the Ark
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah traces the transition from the corruption of the world to the preparation for its destruction and rebirth. After introducing Noach and his three sons, Shem, Cham, and Yephes, the Torah describes how the earth became utterly ruined before Elokim. Hashem reveals His plan to bring the floodwaters and instructs Noach to build the teivah, specifying its length of three hundred cubits, width of fifty cubits, and height of thirty cubits, complete with a window, a side door, and three decks. Hashem promises to establish His covenant with Noach, commanding him to bring his family along with pairs of every living creature—birds, cattle, and creeping things—and to gather sufficient food for everyone, a command which Noach carries out exactly as he was bidden.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah begins the parsha by telling us that Noach was a tzaddik tamim in his generation, and Rashi immediately brings the famous machlokes: some of our Chachamim learn this to his praise, that even in a generation of such terrible corruption he remained a tzaddik, while others learn it to his discredit, that had he lived in the generation of Avraham Avinu, he would have been considered nothing. Lichoira, why would Chazal look for a way to minimize the righteousness of a tzaddik whom Hashem Himself saved from the mabul? What is the deep limud here for us?

The yesod here is that there are two ways a Yid can serve Hashem. You can be a tzaddik who is completely focused on your own daled amos, making sure that you yourself are clean of sin, that your own home is protected, and that you are walking with Hashem. That is a great madriga, and indeed, Noach was saved because of it. But the Torah is teaching us that this is not the ultimate tachlis. If you only worry about your own spiritual survival while the world around you is drowning in corruption, your tzidkus is limited. Avraham Avinu, on the other hand, did not just walk with Hashem; he ran to bring others under the kanfei haShechinah. He felt the pain of his generation and davened for them.

In our daily avodah, we often face the temptation to just pull our coats around us to stay warm. We worry about our own learning, our own davening, and our own family's ruchniyus. Of course, this is the first step, and we must build our own teivah to protect ourselves from the cold winds of the street. But a Yid cannot stop there. Mimeila, we must ask ourselves: are we looking out for the other Yid who is struggling? Are we trying to bring warmth to those around us, or are we satisfied just being a tzaddik in our own closed room?

Today, look beyond your own spiritual comfort zone. When you go to the bais medrash or shul, don't just focus on your own learning and davening; look around to see if there is a fellow Yid who needs a warm smile, a word of encouragement, or help understanding a difficult Tosafos.

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